"Looking is not Indifferent".

Berger.

Doesn't mean that women are vain.  Common misunderstanding.  Women have an idea of themselves being looked at.  Mostly concentrates on nudity in european art.  A proliferation of images.

'Vanity'
Mirror is present in the paining as a device that works in harmony with the title.  Forces us to make a judgment about this woman- she is vain.

The gaze in the media.
Contemporary advertising.

Woman lost in thought.  Assume that she is lost in a moment of vanity.  She is not looking at the viewer so it is easier for the viewer to gaze at her- it is easier for us to judge.

Cabanel.
Reclining.  Raises hand that covers her eyes, allows us to look at her body without a challenge of her looking back.  Three quarters of the image is taken up by her body, the main focus of the painting.

Opium.
Was rejected because of its overt sexual nature. 
Emphasis changes with the vertical format onto the face.

Titian
Traditional nude.  There is a challenge to the gaze, but her stare is more inviting and relaxed.

Manet.
Modernist period.  Modern nude.  The difference between the two is that olympia sits elevated and looks directly into the viewers eye.  More of an assertive pose.  Carries the signs of wealth, receives gifts.  Cat represents femininity.  Disregarding girft from admirer- looks directly at the viewer.

Ingres.

Guerilla Girls.
Research into quotes.

The Gaze and The Media.
Manet.
Type of self portrait.  Manet himself is pictured in the reflection of the bar.  Giving the viewer several different perspectives at once.  Distorted mirror reflection.  Open gesture, represents approachable nature. 

Jeff Wall.
Reinterpretation.  quote from tate site.

Coward.
Camera extension of the male gaze.  People are desensitised by nudity.  Although she poses in such a way that invites a gaze, she is wearing sunglasses so as not to challange us.  This is a common use within contemporary advertising.

Wonderbra.
Playful interaction that makes the gaze acceptable.  Looking down at herself, or looking down on us (in context of a large scale billboard)- inviting, lack of challenge.

Coward.
A form of voyeurism.  Look into 'Peeping Tom' 1960.

Men objectified.
Underwear advert ft a male in reclining pose.  Similar to birth of venus.  Closed eyes.  We are invited to look at the body without challenge.
To put this in context.  Dr Scott Lucas: "The isuue of male objectivity is often raised in gender classes.  Men are now equally objectified in pop culture.  Can men be objectified as women are.
Can find examples of male objectivity, however, quantified against the scale of female objectivity it doesn't even compare.

D&G
Different to female- partially clothed.  Display of male strength- in a gym setting, sport connotations, health etc.  All eyes are staring at the viewer, every single one of them returns the gaze.  This gives a sense of power that reflects the setting they are in.

Cinema.  'One may look without being seen." 
Find a female protagonist in film.

Gentileschi.
Reverses traditional roles. 

Pollock.
Looks at womens exclusion in art history.  In history of painting womens role is left out.

Sherman.
Illustrative of the gaze.  Wasn't making the work with theories of the gaze in mind.  It is existing motifs that appear in photography and film that naturally reflect it.
Lying on a bed.  Eyes looking away, reclining body, however, turned vertically much like opium.  Gives different connotations.  Reminders that we are looking at a reconstruction.  Talk about how the replication makes it less sincere and akward- implies acting, so therefore the gaze is not longer enjoyable?  What does this mean?

Kruger.
Conscious replication of gaze.  Offering us the side of her face as an alternative.  Refusal to return the gaze onto her body.

Lucas.
Idea that a woman might be self conscious about eating a banana in public.  Visualisation of the idea that a woman creates self consciousness in a fairly mundane everyday act.
Fried eggs.
Her body is there to be consumed.  Challenging idea of something derogatory in small breasts.

Emin.
The body creates the money.  Bringing together idea of women making money from their art focusing on their bodies.

Sontag.
Powerpoint quote.
Princess Diana.
Our desire to passively consume these voyeuristic images is what feeds their production.  Self fulfilling prophecy.

Reality T.V.
Operates in a similar way.  Passive consumption of reality.  Gives us the power of the gaze? Not reality at all.  Aware of their own representation, so therefore change their behaviour as a projection in which they want to be received.
Turning voyeurism into an everyday activity.

"Looking is not indifferent."